Fever describes the increase in body temperature to above normal range. It is the body's reaction to viral or bacterial infections such as ear, bladder or chest infections and pneumonia. Though fever can cause aches and pains, weakness, discomfort and decreased alertness, it is not normally harmful on its own and can be a clue that an infection is developing. The following information describes some steps you can take when your child has a fever.

Taking a Temperature

There are a number of places on the body that will give you an accurate reading; however, the location may differ according to what your child will tolerate. For instance, rectal thermometers are used for newborns and young children if tolerated; children less than five years old can tolerate armpit temperatures; and children over five can usually safely use an oral thermometer.

It's also important to choose the right thermometer. Digital thermometers can be used in the mouth, armpit or rectum and give the temperature much faster than glass thermometers. They are more expensive, but also more sensitive. If you prefer to use a glass thermometer, remember that both oral and rectal thermometers are available.

When using a glass thermometer, the mercury must begin below 38°C (98°F) to ensure an accurate reading. To do this, hold the thermometer by the top (not the bulb), quickly snap your wrist to shake down the mercury.

Directions for digital thermometers vary, so it's best to follow the manufacturer's instructions.

How to Take a Temperature

1. Rectal. Place the child on their back or side. Lubricate the tip of the thermometer with Vaseline and carefully insert the thermometer ½ inch in the rectum, holding the legs to prevent kicking and possible injury. Remove the thermometer when the mercury stops rising, usually one to two minutes.
2. Armpit or Auxiliary. Place the tip of the thermometer on a dry armpit, close the armpit and hold the arm against the chest for four minutes.
3. Mouth. Wait at least thirty minutes after eating or drinking before taking an oral temperature. Place the thermometer under the tongue in one of the pockets on either side of the mouth and use the lips or finger - not the teeth - to hold it in place for at least three minutes. Breathe through the nose.
4. Ear. There are a number of different thermometers that allow you to take your child's temperature from their ear. Directions vary, so read the instructions from the manufacturer.

Cleaning a Thermometer

Wash a glass thermometer in lukewarm soapy water, rinse with alcohol and dry. Wash only the tip of the digital thermometer with lukewarm water and wipe off with alcohol.

Managing Your Child's Fever

Fever Medication

Medication to reduce fever is usually given to make the child more comfortable, to prevent dehydration and possibly prevent febrile seizures. It treats the symptoms of a fever, but not its cause.

Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used to reduce fever. Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA, Aspirin) should not be used for children because it is associated with Reye's syndrome, a rare but potentially deadly disease.

Appropriate Dosage

Acetaminophen: give every 4 hours if needed to a maximum of 5 doses per day according to the Age/Weight chart below.

Ibuprofen: give every 6 to 8 hours if needed to a maximum of 3 doses per day according to the age chart below.

Compiled by Roberta Rusk
Comox Pharmacy, Comox, B.C.
Edited by Megan Stiles
Last Reviewed: September 2001